Tribunals

• No provision regarding Tribunals in the Indian Constitution.
  
• By the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976, a new Part XIV-A added to the Constitution.
  
• Articles–Article 323A (administrative tribunals)
  
• Article 323 B (tribunals for other matters).
  
• The Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT) was set up in 1985.
  
• Its principal bench at Delhi and additional benches in 17 states.
  
• The State Administrative Tribunal established by the Administrative Tribunal Act of 1985 by the Central government. So far (2019), nine SAT are established (Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Odisha, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal and Kerala).
  
• The Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Himachal Pradesh Tribunals have been abolished. But again requested by the above three governments to establish the SAT.
  
• The chairman and members of the SATs are appointed by the president after consultation with the governor of the state concerned.
  
• Joint administrative tribunal (JAT) for two or more states can also be established.

Tribunals for other matters

(a) Taxation
(b) Foreign exchange, import and export
(c) Industrial and labour
(d) Land reforms
(e) Ceiling on urban property
(f) Elections to Parliament and state legislatures
(g) Food stuffs
(h) Rent and tenancy rights

Important Articles -

323A. Administrative tribunals
323B. Tribunals for other matters